Izilwane zokwelapha umuthi ovundwayo we-usher ngegagasi lentengo lenyuka, futhi amanani ale mikhiqizo azokwanda!

Kusukela maphakathi no-Septhemba, ngenxa yomthelela wokwehla kwamanani emali yamazwe omhlaba, izintengo zokuphakelayo ziye zaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ezifuywayo "Ukusho okuqukethwe kwezomnotho, okuvela kumanani alandelanayo ezidakamizwa ezahlukahlukene. Ukuvuka, okubangelwa ukuhlinzwa ngamanani entengo yemikhiqizo yezilwane ezihlobene nezilwane. Sizoxazulula imikhakha ethize ekhuphukayo kanye nemikhiqizo yokulungiselela amanani awo angakhuphuka ngabakhiqizi ngale ndlela elandelayo:

1. Βc-lactams

(1) Usawoti wezimboni wePenicillin Potassium ukhuphuke kakhulu, futhi intengo inyuke ngaphezu kwama-25% ngokuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka owedlule; Izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namalungiselelo we-penicillin sodium (noma i-potassium) nazo zikhuphuke nge-margin enkulu. ), ngaphezu kokunyuka okubukhali kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezivuthiwe kulo mkhiqizo, intengo yamabhodlela wokupakisha nayo ikhuphuke ngezinga elithile. Ngakho-ke, intengo yefektri yakudala yemikhiqizo izobona ukwanda okukhulu.

. I-10% ne-30% amoxilillin soluble powder ekhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi bezidakamizwa zezilwane kungenye yemikhiqizo ethintana kakhulu nabasabalalisi nabalimi, futhi intengo yalo mkhiqizo izonyuka ngaphezu kwe-10%.

. Amanani ale mijovo kathathu amalungiselelo akhiqizwa ngabakhiqizi bezidakamizwa wezilwane bangakhula bonke.

2. Ama-aminoglycosides

(1) Umkhuba wentengo we-streptomycin sulfate unamandla, ngokunyuka okuthile. Amalungiselelo umenzile abathintekayo ikakhulukazi amayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-1 noma amayunithi ayisigidi ayisigidi semijovo ye-injection powder. Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yamabhodlela wokupakisha nayo iyakhuphuka, futhi abakhiqizi kungenzeka bakhuphule intengo yalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.

. I-apramycin sulfate yasukuma kancane, kanti intengo ye-Gentamicin Sulfate yayizinzile. Amalungiselelo okukhiqizwa abakhiqizayo yilezi: 10% kanamycin sulfoble powder, i-10% kanamycin sulfate umjovo, ama-40% apramycin sulfate sulfoble powder, 16.5% apramycin sulfate sulfate prepIx, The Amanani entengo engenhla angakhushulwa ngaphezulu kwama-5%.

3. I-Tetracyclines nama-chloramphenicols

. Amanani abonakalayo abonakalayo we-oxytetracycline, i-oxytetracycline hydrochloride, kanye ne-chlortetracycline hydrochloride futhi ikhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-8%. Amalungiselelo ahlobene nabakhiqizi bezidakamizwa: njenge-10% no-50% doxycycline i-hydrochloride lyrochloride i-hydrochloride ukumiswa kwe-hydrochloride, 10% no-20% oxytetracycline umjovo, 10% oxytetracycline perfuble powder inyumbazane eminye imikhiqizo ingakhuphuka ngaphezulu kwama-5%. Imikhiqizo ethile yethebhulethi izophinde ibone ukwanda kwentengo ethile.

(2) IFlorfenicol isithako esijwayelekile sokwelashwa emfuyweni nasekukhiqizweni kwezinkukhu. NgoSepthemba, intengo kaFlorfenicol yavele yanda ngenxa yokwanda okungazelelwe kwentengo yabaphakathi. Isithako esisodwa esishisayo. Kuyinto ngokunembile ngenxa yalokhu ukuthi abakhiqizi bezidakamizwa bezilwane abagcinanga kuphela abaphakamisela amanani abo efektri abangewona angaphezu kwe-15%, futhi abanye abakhiqizi baphoqelekile ukuthi bamise ukukhiqizwa kwamalungiselelo ahlobene ngenxa yezinto ezibukhali noma ukushoda kwezinto ezingavuthiwe. Imikhiqizo ethintekayo ifaka: 10%, 20%, 30% Florfenicol powder, kanye umjovo onokuqukethwe okufanayo. Onke amalungiselelo angenhla azoba nokwanda kwentengo enkulu.

4. Ama-macrolides

Amanani entengo yezinto ezingavuthiwe njengeTivncin Tartrate, Tilmicosin, Tilmicosin phosphate, i-Tylosin tarrate, i-tiamulin tarrate, futhi i-erythromycin Thiocyanate konke kukhuphuke ngo-5% ~ 10% mayelana. Imikhiqizo ehilelekile efana ne-10%, i-50% TYLosin Tartrate noma i-TyLosin tarrate soluble powder, kanye namanye amalungiselelo ahlukahlukene ahlobene nethambekile, kungenzeka abe nokwanda kwentengo ngo-5% kuya ku-10%.

5. I-Quinolones

Intengo yezinto ezisetshenziswayo ezifana ne-Enrofloxacin, i-Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride, i-CIPROFLOXIn Hctruchloride, kanye ne-sarafloxacin hydrochloride, futhi i-sarafloxacin hydrochloride inyuke ngo-16% kuya ku-20%. Zonke lezi zingezo zonke izithako ezijwayelekile ze-anti-bacterial kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala. Kunenqwaba yemikhiqizo yokulungiselela, enomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zemithi embonini ye-Aquaculture. Isibonelo: I-10% Enrofloxacin Hydrochloride, i-ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, i-sarafloxacin hydrochloride, namalungiselelo wesisombululo sokuqukethwe okufanayo, intengo evamile yefektri ivame ukukhuphuka ngaphezulu kwe-15%.

6. Sulfonamides

I-Sulfadiazine Sodium, sulfachimethoxine sodium, sulfachlordazine sodium, kanye ne-synergists ditrimethorim, i-trimethorim, i-trimethoprim lactate, njll., Lonke i-rose futhi ngaphezulu. Imikhiqizo ehilelekile efana namapokisi nokumiswa (izixazululo) ngokuqukethwe okungu-10% no-30% kwalezi zithako ezingenhla kanye namalungiselelo ajwayelekile ajwayelekile ahlanganisiwe angaqhubeka nokukhuphuka kwamanani.

7. Ama-parasites

Izinto ezivuthiwe ze-diclazuril, i-totraZuril, i-praziquorel, futhi uLevisole Hydrochloride unyuke waya kumazinga ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwezinto ezivuthiwe ze-totraZuril noLevisole Hydroclorloride zikhuphuke ngaphezu kwama-5%. Okuqukethwe kwamalungiselelo omkhiqizo abathintekayo kulezi zithako ezingenhla kuphansi kancane, futhi kunendawo encane yokwanda. Kulindelwe ukuthi iningi labakhiqizi bezidakamizwa bezilwane ngeke balungise izintengo zefektri zakudala zokulungiselela okuhlobene. Ukuhlinzekwa kwezinto ezisetshenziswayo ze-Albendazole, i-Ivermectin ne-Abamectin kwanele, futhi intengo iqinile, futhi ngeke kube khona ukulungiswa okungaphezulu kwesikhathi.

8. Ama-Disinfectants

Kusukela ukuqubuka komqhele omusha, i-iodine, i-Glutaraldehyde, i-benzolkonium bromide, ama-quaternary ammonium usawoti, imikhiqizo equkethe i-sodium (njenge-sodium hypocloroisocyanurate), i-dichloro noma i-sodium trichloroisocyarate), i-venol, njll. Ikakhulu, intengo ye-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide) inamanye aphindwe kathathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kulo nyaka. Kwikota yesine yalo nyaka, ngenxa yokuqiniswa kokuvimbela umqhele omusha nokulawula, Ukulawulwa Kwezemvelo, ukwenyuka kwemali okujwayelekile, lokhu kuncipha kwezimali okujwayelekile, ikakhulukazi labo abane-chlorine ne-iodine. Ukulungiselela, njenge-Povidone iodine solution, i-amonium eyi-quaternary kasawoti eyinkimbinkimbi iodine solution, i-sodium dichloride noma i-trichloroisocyaranurate powder, njll. Ngisho nama-organic acid kanye nama-surficants ahlukahlukene anethonya elithile le-antibacterial abone nokwanda okukhulu. Intengo yokupakisha yepulasitiki nayo inyuke ngaphezulu kwama-30%, okuholela ekwandeni kwentengo yemikhiqizo eqediwe.

9. I-Antipyretic and Analgesic

Intengo ye-analigin yenyuke ngonyaka ongaphezu kwe-15% ngonyaka, futhi intengo ye-acetaminophen yandiswa ngonyaka ongaphezu kwama-40% ngonyaka. I-Flunixin Meglumne ne-calbopepde calcium bobabili basekhule kakhulu, futhi intengo ye-sodium salicylate nayo iyashintshashintsha phezulu. Imikhiqizo ethintekayo ingamalungiselelo omjovo ngokuqukethwe okuphezulu nohlelo olubanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezinto zokupakisha kulo nyaka nakho kuphakeme kakhulu emlandweni. Amanani entengo efektri yale mikhiqizo ehlobene nezithako azokhulisa kakhulu. Futhi amathuba okulungiswa okukhulu esikhathini esifushane akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi kubhebhetheke kusengaphambili.

Ngaphezu kokukhuphuka okubukhali kulezi zingxenye ezingenhla kwezingu eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinto ezisetshenziswayo, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nje, ezinyangeni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali ezinjenge-phosphoric acid ekhuphuka amahlandla ambalwa, i-nitric acid kanye ne-sulfuric acid ecishe ibe ngama-50%, futhi i-sodium bicarbonate acise ngaphezulu kwama-80%. I-%, imakethe yeCarbon epakisha inesimo esiphezulu, futhi ngisho nezinto zokwenziwa kwe-PVC zikhuphuke cishe ngama-50%. Ngokuqondene nesimo samanje esithintekayo, inhlekelele yezimali iyaqhubeka ukusakazeka emhlabeni wonke, futhi izimo eziningi azilindelekile. Ukuhlaziywa okuphelele kukhombisa ukuthi ngobuthakathaka obuhleliwe noma obuqhubekayo bohlangothi lwemakethe, umthamo wokugayeka wemakethe wemboni ye-aquacilture ukwehla, futhi isidingo sincipha ngenkathi umthamo wokukhiqiza ukhula ngokuqinile ngenxa yokubuya kwenzuzo. Ekugcineni, ingcindezi yemakethe ebulalayo izobuyela efektri yomthombo efektri futhi yanda ekuqaleni. Izinto ezisheshayo ezisheshayo zingahle ziye ekotashini yokuqala neyesibili yonyaka, kepha akunqunyelwe ukuthi ingxenye encane yezinto ezingavuthiwe izoqhubeka nokuguquguquka ezingeni eliphakeme ngenxa yezizathu ezikhethekile eziseceleni kokuhlinzekwa kwezidingo ezikhethekile nasemakethe.