Kusukela maphakathi no-September, ngenxa yomthelela wokwehla kwamandla emali yamazwe ngamazwe, amanani entengo yezithako zokudla kanye nezinto ezisizayo ziye zaqhubeka nokukhuphuka, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla asekhaya "ukulawula okubili", ukuhlolwa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo, kanye nokushoda kwamandla embonini. ezithintwa izici eziningi, okuholela ezintengo ezilandelanayo zemithi ehlukahlukene yezilwane.Ukwenyuka, okudale ukukhuphuka kwezintengo zemikhiqizo yemithi yezilwane ehlobene.Sizohlunga imikhakha ethile ekhuphukayo kanye nemikhiqizo yokulungiselela okungenzeka ukuthi amanani ayo anyuswe abakhiqizi ngale ndlela elandelayo:
1. β-lactam
(1) Usawoti wezimboni we-penicillin potassium ukhule kakhulu, futhi intengo ikhuphuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kwama-25 uma kuqhathaniswa nesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule;izinto zokusetshenziswa kanye namalungiselelo e-penicillin sodium (noma i-potassium) nawo akhuphuke ngomkhawulo omkhulu.), ngaphezu kokukhuphuka okubukhali kwentengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa zalo mkhiqizo, intengo yamabhodlela okupakisha nayo ikhuphuke ngezinga elithile.Ngakho-ke, intengo yemikhiqizo yangaphambili yemboni izobona ukukhuphuka okukhulu.
(2) (Monomer) I-Amoxicillin ne-Amoxicillin Sodium ikhuphuke kakhulu, futhi amanani ezinto ezingavuthiwe ezifana ne-Ampicillin, i-Ampicillin Sodium, i-Amoxicillin ne-Clavulanate Potassium nawo akhuphuke ngezinga elithile.I-amoxicillin engu-10% no-30% oyimpushana encibilikayo ekhiqizwa abakhiqizi bemithi yezilwane ingenye yemikhiqizo evame ukuthintwa abasabalalisi nabalimi, futhi intengo yalo mkhiqizo izokwenyuka ngaphezu kuka-10%.
(3) Amanani e-ceftiofur sodium, ceftiofur hydrochloride, ne-cefquinoxime sulfate akhuphukile, futhi ukunikezwa kwe-cefquinoxime sulfate kuye kwaqina.Amanani alawa malungiselelo amathathu okujova akhiqizwa abakhiqizi bemithi yezilwane angase enyuke wonke.
2. Ama-aminoglycosides
(1) Intengo ye-streptomycin sulfate inamandla, ngokunyuka okuthile.Amalungiselelo omkhiqizi ahilelekile ikakhulukazi amayunithi ayisigidi noma amayunithi ayizigidi ezi-2 emijovo yempushana yomjovo.Ngaphezu kwalokho, intengo yamabhodlela okupakisha nayo ikhuphuka, futhi abakhiqizi banamathuba amaningi okwandisa intengo yalolu hlobo lomkhiqizo.
(2) Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-kanamycin sulfate ne-neomycin sulfate zavuka kwasekuqaleni, futhi i-spectinomycin hydrochloride nayo yaphakama;i-apramycin sulfate yenyuka kancane, kuyilapho intengo ye-gentamicin sulfate yayizinzile uma kuqhathaniswa.Amalungiselelo omkhiqizi ahilelekile yilawa: 10% kanamycin sulfate powder encibilikayo, 10% umjovo we-kanamycin sulfate, 6.5% kanye no-32.5% we-neomycin sulfate powder encibilikayo, 20% umjovo we-apramycin sulfate, 40% kanye no-50% we-apramycin% sulfate sulfate 50% we-apramycin sulfate 50% we-soluble sulfate. , izintengo zokwakheka okungenhla zingase zinyuswe ngaphezu kuka-5%.
3. I-Tetracyclines ne-Chloramphenicols
(1) I-Doxycycline hydrochloride inokwenyuka okukhulu kakhulu, futhi ikhotheshini yemakethe yezinto ezingavuthiwe idlule ku-720 yuan/kg.Amanani we-oxytetracycline, i-oxytetracycline hydrochloride, ne-chlortetracycline hydrochloride nawo akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-8%.Amalungiselelo ahlobene abakhiqizi bemithi yezilwane: njenge-10% kanye no-50% i-doxycycline hydrochloride powder encibilikayo, u-20% we-doxycycline hydrochloride suspension, 10% kanye no-20% umjovo we-oxytetracycline, 10% i-oxytetracycline hydrochloride powder encibilikayo Amanani entengo yeminye imikhiqizo angakhuphuka ngaphezu kwe-5 %.Eminye imikhiqizo yethebhulethi nayo izobona ukukhuphuka kwentengo okuthile.
(2) I-Flofenicol iyisithako esivamile semithi emfuyweni nasezinkukhu.NgoSepthemba, intengo ye-florfenicol yenyuka kungazelelwe ngenxa yokwenyuka okungazelelwe kwentengo yabaphakathi.Inombolo yokuqala yesithako esishisayo.Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi abakhiqizi bemithi yezilwane abagcinanga ngokukhuphula amanani abo enkampani yakudala ngaphezu kuka-15%, futhi ngisho nabanye abakhiqizi baye baphoqeleka ukuthi bamise ukukhiqizwa kwamalungiselelo ahlobene ngenxa yokwenyuka okubukhali kwezinto zokusetshenziswa noma ukushoda kwezinto zokusetshenziswa. .Imikhiqizo ehilelekile ihlanganisa: 10%, 20%, 30% florfenicol powder, florfenicol powder encibilikayo, nomjovo onokuqukethwe okufanayo.Wonke la malungiselelo angenhla azoba nokukhuphuka kwentengo okukhulu.
4. Ama-Macrolides
Amanani entengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-tivancin tartrate, i-tilmicosin, i-tilmicosin phosphate, i-tylosin tartrate, i-tiamulin fumarate, ne-erythromycin thiocyanate wonke enyukele kumazinga ahlukahlukene, ngokwenyuka ngo-5% ~ 10 % cishe.Imikhiqizo efakiwe efana ne-10%, i-50% ye-tylosin tartrate noma i-tylosin tartrate powder encibilikayo, kanye namanye amalungiselelo amaningana ahlobene nesithako, kungenzeka ibe nokukhuphuka kwentengo ngo-5% kuya ku-10%.
5. Ama-quinolones
Intengo yezinto zokusetshenziswa ezifana ne-enrofloxacin, i-enrofloxacin hydrochloride, i-ciprofloxacin lactate, i-ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, ne-sarafloxacin hydrochloride inyuke ngo-16% yafinyelela ku-20%.Lezi zonke izithako ezivamile zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-anti-inflammatory.Kunenani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yokulungiselela, enomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zomuthi embonini yezasemanzini.Isibonelo: i-enrofloxacin hydrochloride engu-10%, i-ciprofloxacin hydrochloride, i-sarafloxacin hydrochloride powder encibilikayo, kanye namalungiselelo esixazululo sokuqukethwe okufanayo, intengo yangaphambili yemboni ngokuvamile ikhuphuka ngaphezu kuka-15%.
6. Ama-sulfonamides
I-Sulfadiazine sodium, i-sulfadimethoxine sodium, i-sulfachlordazine sodium, i-sulfaquinoxaline sodium, nama-synergists i-ditrimethoprim, i-trimethoprim, i-trimethoprim lactate, njll., wonke aphakama futhi adlula u-5% noma ngaphezulu.Imikhiqizo efakiwe efana nezimpushana ezincibilikayo kanye nokulengiswa (izixazululo) ezinokuqukethwe okungu-10% no-30% kwezithako ezingenhla kanye namalungiselelo ajwayelekile kazwelonke we-synergistic compound angase aqhubeke nokunyuka kwentengo.
7. Izimuncagazi
Izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-diclazuril, totrazuril, praziquantel, ne-levamisole hydrochloride zikhuphuke zaba ngamazinga ahlukahlukene, phakathi kwazo izinto zokusetshenziswa ze-totrazuril ne-levamisole hydrochloride zikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-5%.Okuqukethwe kwamalungiselelo omkhiqizo okuhilelekile kulezi zithako ezingenhla kuphansi kancane, futhi kukhona indawo encane yokwanda.Kulindeleke ukuthi abakhiqizi abaningi bemithi yezilwane ngeke balungise amanani entengo angaphambili embonini yamalungiselelo ahlobene.Ukunikezwa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwe-albendazole, ivermectin ne-abamectin kwanele, futhi intengo izinzile, futhi ngeke kube khona ukulungiswa okukhuphukayo okwamanje.
8. Izibulala-magciwane
Selokhu kwaqubuka umqhele omusha, i-iodine, i-glutaraldehyde, i-benzalkonium bromide, usawoti we-quaternary ammonium, imikhiqizo equkethe i-chlorine (njenge-sodium hypochlorite, i-dichloro noma i-sodium trichloroisocyanurate), i-phenol, njll.Ikakhulukazi, intengo ye-caustic soda (i-sodium hydroxide) iphindwe kathathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kulo nyaka.Ngekota yesine yalo nyaka, ngenxa yokuqiniswa kokuvikela nokulawula umqhele omusha, ukulawulwa kokusetshenziswa kwamandla okumbaxambili, ukuqondiswa kwemvelo, ukwehla kwamandla emali emhlabeni wonke, kanye nokwenyuka okujwayelekile kwezinto ezingavuthiwe, lezi zinhlobo zezithako ezijwayelekile zokubulala amagciwane zizophinde zingenise. ukukhuphuka okugcwele, ikakhulukazi lawo aqukethe i-chlorine ne-iodine.Amalungiselelo, njengesixazululo se-povidone iodine, i-double quaternary ammonium salt complex iodine solution, i-sodium dichloride noma i-trichloroisocyanurate powder, njll. akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-35%, futhi asakhuphuka, futhi kukhona ukushoda kwezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa.Ngisho nama-acids aphilayo kanye nama-surfactants ahlukahlukene anomphumela othile we-antibacterial nawo abone ukwanda okukhulu.Intengo yokupakishwa kwepulasitiki nayo inyuke ngamaphesenti angaphezu kuka-30, okuholele ekwenyukeni kwentengo yemikhiqizo eqediwe.
9. I-Antipyretic ne-analgesic
Intengo ye-Analgin ikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-15% unyaka nonyaka, futhi intengo ye-acetaminophen ikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-40% unyaka nonyaka.I-Flunixin meglumine ne-carbopeptide calcium zombili zenyuka kakhulu, futhi intengo ye-sodium salicylate nayo yaguquguquka yakhuphuka.Imikhiqizo ehilelekile ikakhulukazi amalungiselelo omjovo anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwanda kwezinto zokupakisha kulo nyaka nakho kuphakeme kakhulu emlandweni.Izintengo zangaphambili zasembonini zale mikhiqizo ehlobene nezithako zizokhuphuka kakhulu.Futhi amathuba okulungiswa okukhulu esikhathini esifushane akunakwenzeka, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuthi ulondoloze kusengaphambili.
Ngaphezu kokukhuphuka okubukhali kwezigaba eziyisishiyagalolunye zezinto zokusetshenziswa ezingenhla, ezinyangeni eziyisithupha nje, izinhlobonhlobo zamakhemikhali asetshenziswa njenge-phosphoric acid zavuka izikhathi eziningana, i-formic acid yaphakama cishe izikhathi ezimbili, i-nitric acid ne-sulfuric acid yakhuphuka ngokungaphezulu. ngaphezu kwama-50%, kanye ne-sodium bicarbonate yenyuka ngaphezu kwama-80%.%, imakethe yamabhokisi okupakisha inomkhuba okhuphukayo, futhi nezinto zokwakha ze-PVC zikhuphuke cishe ngo-50%.Ngokuqondene nesimo samanje, inkinga yezezimali iyaqhubeka nokusabalala emhlabeni wonke, futhi izimo eziningi azilindelekile.Ukuhlaziya okuphelele kubonisa ukuthi ngobuthaka obuhleliwe noma obuqhubekayo bohlangothi lwesidingo semakethe, amandla okugaya embonini yezilwane zasemanzini ayancipha, futhi isidingo siyehla kuyilapho umthamo wokukhiqiza ukhula kancane kancane ngenxa yembuyiselo yenzuzo.Ekugcineni, ingcindezi yetheminali yemakethe izobuyela ohlangothini lwefekthri yomthombo futhi ikhuphuke ekuqaleni.Izinto ezingavuthiwe ezishesha kakhulu zingase zehle engxenyeni yokuqala neyesibili yonyaka, kodwa akushiwo ukuthi ingxenye encane yezinto ezingavuthiwe izoqhubeka nokuguquguquka ngezinga eliphezulu ngenxa yezizathu ezikhethekile ohlangothini lokukhiqiza kanye nemakethe. .
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-05-2021
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