I-WHO IQembu Lochwepheshe Lokweluleka Ngobuchule (SAGE)Ekugomeni ikhiphe izincomo zesikhashana zokusetshenziswa komgomo we-COVID-19 ongasasebenzi, i-Sinovac-CoronaVac, othuthukiswe yi-Sinovac/China National Pharmaceutical Group.

Ubani okufanele agonywe kuqala?

Yize izinto zokugomela i-COVID-19 zilinganiselwe, abasebenzi bezempilo abasengozini enkulu yokuchayeka kanye nabantu abadala kufanele babekwe phambili ukuze bagonywe.

Amazwe angabhekisela ku-I-WHO Prioritization Roadmapkanye neI-WHO Values ​​Frameworknjengesiqondiso sokubeka phambili kwabo amaqembu okuhlosiwe.

Umuthi wokugoma awunconyelwe kubantu abangaphansi kweminyaka engu-18 ubudala, kusalindwe imiphumela yocwaningo oluqhubekayo kulelo qembu lobudala.

Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bagonywe?

Idatha etholakalayo yomuthi wokugoma i-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ayanele ukuhlola ukusebenza komgomo noma izingozi ezingaba khona ezihlobene nomgomo ekukhulelweni.Kodwa-ke, lo mgomo uwumuthi wokugoma ongasasebenzi onomuthi wokugoma ovame ukusetshenziswa kweminye imigomo eminingi enephrofayili yokuphepha ebhalwe kahle, njengemithi yokugomela iHepatitis B kanye neTetanus, okuhlanganisa nakwabesifazane abakhulelwe.Ukusebenza komgomo we-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kwabesifazane abakhulelwe ngakho-ke kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhathaniswe nalokho okubonwa kwabesifazane abangakhulelwe abaneminyaka efanayo.Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kulindeleke ukuthi luhlole ukuphepha kanye nokuzivikela komzimba kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Okwamanje, i-WHO incoma ukusetshenziswa komgomo we-Sinovac-CoronaVac (COVID-19) kwabesifazane abakhulelwe lapho izinzuzo zokugoma kowesifazane okhulelwe zidlula ubungozi obungaba khona.Ukusiza abesifazane abakhulelwe ukuthi benze lokhu kuhlola, kufanele banikezwe ulwazi mayelana nezingozi ze-COVID-19 ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa;izinzuzo ezingaba khona zokugoma esimweni sendawo se-epidemiological;kanye nemikhawulo yamanje yedatha yokuphepha kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.I-WHO ayikuncomi ukuhlolwa kokukhulelwa ngaphambi kokugoma.I-WHO ayikukhuthazi ukubambezeleka kokukhulelwa noma ukucabanga ukuqeda ukukhulelwa ngenxa yokugoma.

Ubani omunye ongathatha umgomo?

Ukugoma kunconywa kubantu abane-commorbidities okuhlonzwe njengakhulisa ubungozi be-COVID-19 enzima, okuhlanganisa ukukhuluphala, isifo senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi kanye nesifo sokuphefumula.

Umuthi wokugoma unganikezwa abantu abake baba ne-COVID-19 esikhathini esidlule.Idatha etholakalayo ibonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka kabusha okunezimpawu akuvamile kulaba bantu kuze kube yizinyanga eziyisi-6 ngemva kokutheleleka kwemvelo.Ngenxa yalokho, bangase bakhethe ukuhlehlisa ukugoma kuze kube sekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, ikakhulukazi lapho ukunikezwa komgomo kunomkhawulo.Ezilungiselelweni lapho ukuhlukahluka kokukhathazeka okunobufakazi bokuphunyuka kwamasosha omzimba kuzungeza ukugonywa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngemva kokutheleleka kungase kube kuhle.

Ukusebenza komgomo kulindeleke ukuthi kufane kwabesifazane abancancisayo njengabanye abantu abadala.I-WHO incoma ukusetshenziswa komgomo we-COVID-19 i-Sinovac-CoronaVac ekunceliseni abesifazane njengakwabanye abantu abadala.I-WHO ayikukhuthazi ukuyeka ukuncelisa ibele ngemva kokugoma.

Abantu abaphila ne-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) noma abangenaso isifo sokuzivikela ezifweni basengozini enkulu yesifo esibi se-COVID-19.Abantu abanjalo abazange bafakwe ezivivinyweni zokwelashwa ezazisa ukubuyekezwa kwe-SAGE, kodwa uma kubhekwa ukuthi lo muthi wokugoma ongaphindaphindi, abantu abaphila ne-HIV noma abangenaso isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni kanye nengxenye yeqembu elinconyelwe ukugoma bangagonywa.Ulwazi nokwelulekwa, lapho kungenzeka khona, kufanele kuhlinzekwe ukuze kwaziwe ukuhlolwa kobungozi bomuntu ngamunye.

Ubani umuthi wokugoma onganconyelwe?

Abantu abanomlando we-anaphylaxis kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yomgomo akufanele bawuthathe.

Abantu abane-PCR eqinisekiswe i-COVID-19 ebabazekayo akufanele bagonywe kuze kube yilapho sebeluleme ekuguleni okunzima futhi nendlela yokuqeda ukuzihlukanisa isifinyelelwe.

Noma ubani onezinga lokushisa lomzimba elingaphezu kuka-38.5°C kufanele ahlehlise ukugoma aze angabe esaba nomkhuhlane.

Yimuphi umthamo onconywayo?

I-SAGE incoma ukusetshenziswa komgomo we-Sinovac-CoronaVac njengemithamo emi-2 (0.5 ml) enikezwa nge-intramuscularly.I-WHO incoma isikhawu samaviki angu-2-4 phakathi komthamo wokuqala nowesibili.Kunconywa ukuthi bonke abantu abagonyiwe bathole imithamo emibili.

Uma umthamo wesibili unikezwa ngaphansi kwamaviki ama-2 ngemuva kokuqala, umthamo awudingi ukuphinda.Uma ukusetshenziswa komthamo wesibili kubambezeleke ngaphezu kwamaviki ama-4, kufanele kunikezwe ngokushesha okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka.

Ngabe lo mgomo uqhathaniswa kanjani neminye imithi yokugoma esivele isetshenziswa?

Ngeke siqhathanise imithi yokugoma ikhanda nekhanda ngenxa yezindlela ezehlukene ezithathiwe ekuklameni izifundo ezifanele, kodwa sekukonke, yonke imithi yokugoma ezuze Uhlu Lwezimo Eziphuthumayo ze-WHO iphumelela kakhulu ekuvimbeleni izifo ezinzima kanye nokulaliswa esibhedlela ngenxa ye-COVID-19. .

Ingabe iphephile?

I-SAGE ihlole ngokucophelela idatha yekhwalithi, ukuphepha nokusebenza komgomo futhi isincome ukusetshenziswa kwawo kubantu abaneminyaka engu-18 nangaphezulu.

Idatha yokuphepha okwamanje ikhawulelwe kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala (ngenxa yenani elincane labahlanganyeli ezivivinyweni zomtholampilo).

Nakuba kungekho mehluko kuphrofayela yokuphepha yomgomo kubantu abadala asebekhulile uma kuqhathaniswa namaqembu amancane angalindelwe, amazwe acabanga ukusebenzisa lo mgomo kubantu abadala kuneminyaka engama-60 kufanele agcine ukuqapha okusebenzayo kokuphepha.

Njengengxenye yenqubo ye-EUL, i-Sinovac izibophezele ekuqhubekeni nokuthumela idatha yokuphepha, ukusebenza kahle kanye nekhwalithi ezivivinyweni eziqhubekayo zokugoma nokukhishwa ngenani labantu, okuhlanganisa nabantu abadala.

Usebenza kangakanani umgomo?

Isivivinyo esikhulu sesigaba sesi-3 eBrazil sikhombise ukuthi imithamo emibili, enikezwe isikhawu sezinsuku eziyi-14, isebenze ngama-51% ekuthelelekeni ngezimpawu ze-SARS-CoV-2, i-100% iqhathaniswa ne-COVID-19 enzima, kanye ne-100% ngokumelene nokulaliswa esibhedlela kusukela ngo-14. ezinsukwini ngemuva kokuthola umthamo wesibili.

Ingabe isebenza ngokumelene nezinhlobo ezintsha zegciwane le-SARS-CoV-2?

Ocwaningweni lokuqaphela, ukusebenza okulinganiselwe kwe-Sinovac-CoronaVac kubasebenzi bezempilo e-Manaus, e-Brazil, lapho i-P.1 ibala u-75% wamasampuli e-SARS-CoV-2 yayingu-49.6% ngokumelene nokutheleleka okunezimpawu (4).Ukusebenza kubuye kwaboniswa ocwaningweni lokubheka e-Sao Paulo lapho kukhona ukujikeleza kwe-P1 (83% wamasampuli).

Ukuhlola ezilungiselelweni lapho Okuhlukile Kokukhathazeka kwe-P.2 kwakusabalala kakhulu - futhi e-Brazil - kulinganiselwa ukusebenza komgomo okungama-49.6% okulandela okungenani umthamo owodwa futhi kwabonisa u-50.7% emasontweni amabili ngemva komthamo wesibili.Njengoba idatha entsha itholakala, i-WHO izobuyekeza izincomo ngokufanele.

I-SAGE njengamanje incoma ukuthi kusetshenziswe lo mgomo, ngokusho kwe-WHO Prioritization Roadmap.

Ingabe kuvimbela ukutheleleka kanye nokudluliselwa?

Okwamanje ayikho idatha ebambekayo etholakalayo ehlobene nomthelela womuthi wokugomela i-COVID-19 i-Sinovac-CoronaVac ekudluliselweni kwe-SARS-CoV-2, igciwane elibangela isifo se-COVID-19.

Okwamanje, i-WHO ikhumbuza ngesidingo sokuqhubeka nesifundo futhi uqhubeke nokwenza izindlela zempilo yomphakathi kanye nezenhlalo okufanele zisetshenziswe njengendlela ebanzi yokuvimbela ukutheleleka nokutheleleka.Lezi zinyathelo zihlanganisa ukugqoka imaskhi, ukuqhelelana ngokomzimba, ukugeza izandla, ukuhlanzeka kokuphefumula nokukhwehlela, ukugwema izixuku nokuqinisekisa ukungena komoya owanele ngokwezeluleko zikazwelonke zendawo.