Izindlela eziningi zokudla nezindlela zokuphatha zezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi esiphezulu se-lactation

Isikhathi sokuqina esiphakeme semikhondo yobisi siyisigaba esibalulekile sokuzalaniswa kwezinkomo zobisi. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngalesi sikhathi kuphezulu, kubalwa isikhathi esingaphezu kwama-40% okukhiqizwa kobisi okuphelele phakathi nesikhathi sonke isikhathi, futhi umzimba wezinkomo zobisi ngalesi sigaba usushintshile. Uma ukondla nokuphatha kungafanele, ngeke kube kuphela izinkomo zehluleke ukufinyelela isikhathi sokukhiqizwa kobisi, isikhathi esiphakeme sobisi sihlala isikhashana, kepha sizothinta nempilo yezinkomo. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukondla kanye nokuphathwa kwezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sezinkomo zobisi, ngakho-ke ukusebenza kwezindawo zobisi kunganwetshwa ngokugcwele, ngaleyo ndlela kunwetshwe ukukhiqizwa kobisi kanye nokuqinisekisa impilo yezinkomo zobisi.

Isikhathi esiphakeme sezinkomo zobisi ngokuvamile sisho isikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-21 kuye kwayi-100 postpartum. Izici zezinkomo zobisi kulesi sigaba ziyisifiso esihle sokudla, ukufunwa okuphezulu kwezakhi zomzimba, ukuphanga okukhulu kokudla, kanye nokuqina okuphezulu. Ukuhlinzekwa kokudla okunganele kuzothinta umsebenzi wokulwa kwezikhonzi kobisi. Isikhathi esiphakeme se-lactation siyisikhathi esibucayi sokuzalaniswa kwezinkomo zobisi. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kulesi sigaba kulandisa ngaphezulu kwama-40% okukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sonke isikhathi sokulwa, okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sonke isikhathi futhi kuhlobene nempilo yezinkomo. Ukuqinisa ukondla kanye nokuphathwa kwezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwe-peak leactation kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa isivuno esikhulu semikhondo yobisi. Ngakho-ke, ukondla okunengqondo nabaphathi kufanele kuqiniswe ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa okugcwele kwemisebenzi ye-dact cows 'ye-laction', futhi kwandiswa isikhathi sesikhathi esiphezulu se-lactation ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze uqinisekise impilo yezinkomo zobisi. .

1. Izici zoshintsho ngokomzimba ngesikhathi sokulwa kwe-peak

Umzimba wezinkomo zobisi uzobhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko ngesikhathi sokuqalisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi esiphezulu se-lactation, ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuzokhuphuka kakhulu, futhi umzimba uzoba nezinguquko ezinkulu. Ngemuva kokubeletha, umzimba kanye namandla omzimba adliwa kakhulu. Uma kuyinkomo enomsebenzi omude, ukusebenza kuzoba kubi kakhulu. Kuhlanganiswe nge-postpartum lactation, i-calcium yegazi enkomeni izophuma iphuma emzimbeni ngobisi ngenani elikhulu, ngakho-ke umsebenzi wokugaya kwezikhonkwane wehliswa, futhi ezimweni ezinzima, futhi kungaholela ekukhubazekeni kwe-postpartum kwezikhonkwane zobisi. Kulesi sigaba, ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo zobisi kuphezulu kwayo. Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kobisi kuzoholela ekwandeni kwezidingo zobisi 'zezidingo zezakhi zomzimba, kanye nokudla kwezakhi zomzimba ngeke kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokudla okunempilo kwezinkomo zobisi zokukhiqizwa kobisi okuphezulu. Izosebenzisa amandla omzimba ukukhiqiza ubisi, oluzodala isisindo sezinkomo zobisi ukuba ziqale ukwehla. Uma ukunikezwa kwenkomo yenkomo yenkomo yenkomo yenkomo yenkomo kunganele, izinkomo zobisi zilahlekelwa kakhulu isisindo ngesikhathi sokuqothuka okuphezulu, okuzokhiqiza ngokungafanele imiphumela engathandeki. Ukusebenza kokuzala kanye nokusebenza kwe-lactation okuzayo kuzoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukondla okubhekiswe kwesayensi kanye nokuphathwa ngokwezici eziguqukayo zomzimba wezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-peak

2. Ukondla ngesikhathi sokuqina kwe-peak

Ngezinkomo zobisi esiqongweni se-lactation, kuyadingeka ukuthi ukhethe indlela efanelekile yokondla ngokuya ngesimo sangempela. Izindlela ezintathu zokudla ezilandelayo zingakhethwa.

(1) Indlela Yesikhashana Yesikhathi Esifushane

Le ndlela ilungele kakhulu izinkomo Ngokukhiqizwa kobisi okulinganiselayo. Kuwukukhulisa ukulethwa kokudla okuphakelayo ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwenkomo yobisi, ukuze inkomo yobisi ingathola izakhi ezanele zokuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi se-peak lactation isikhathi. Ngokuvamile, kuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ngemuva kokuzalwa kwenkomo. Ngemuva kokudla kwenkomo nokuphakelayo ukubuyela kokujwayelekile, ngesisekelo sokugcina okuphakelayo kwasekuqaleni, inani elifanelekile lokugxilisa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-1 kuya ku-2 kg lingezwa ukuze lisebenze njenge- "advanced feed" ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sezinkomo zezinkomo. Uma kunokukhuphuka okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa kobisi ngemuva kokukhulisa ukugxila, udinga ukuqhubeka nokukhulisa ngemuva kweviki eli-1 lokondla, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle wokubheka ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo, kuze kube yilapho ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo akusekho kukhuphuka, yeka ukukhiqizwa okwengeziwe.

(2) Indlela Yokuzala Ukuzala

Ilungele kakhulu izinkomo zobisi ezivutha kakhulu. Ukusetshenziswa kwale ndlela yezinkomo zobisi zobisi ezinokwakhiwa okuphakathi nendawo kungadala kalula isisindo sezinkomo zobisi ukuba zikhuphuke, kepha akukuhle izinkomo zobisi. Le ndlela isebenzisa amandla aphezulu, okuphakelwa kwamaphrotheni aphezulu okondla izinkomo zobisi esikhathini esithile, ngaleyo ndlela wanda kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo zobisi. Ukuqaliswa kwalo mthetho kudinga ukuqala esikhathini senkomo yenkomo, okungukuthi, ezinsukwini eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokuba inkomo ibelethe, kuze kube yilapho ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngemuva kokufika kwenkomo. Lapho ukondla, okuphakelayo kwasekuqaleni kungashintshiwe ngesikhathi sobisi esomile, kancane kancane kwandise inani lokuhlushwa kudliwe nsuku zonke kuze kube yilapho inani le-granced export lifinyelela isisindo somzimba we-100 kg yenkomo yobisi. . Ngemuva kokuba izinkomo zizale, inani lokudla lisanda kukhuphuka ngokuya ngenani le-Daily feeding le-0.45 kg lokugxila, kuze kube yilapho izinkomo zifinyelela isikhathi sokuqina. Ngemuva kwesikhathi esiphezulu se-lactation sesiphelile, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani lokudla lokugxila ngokulingana ngokudla kwenkomo, isisindo somzimba, kanye nokukhiqizwa kobisi, kanye noshintsho kancane kancane kwizinga lokudla okujwayelekile. Lapho usebenzisa indlela yokuphakelayo eqondisiwe, unake ukungakhuphuki ngokwempumputhe inani lokudla okugxilikisayo, nokungakunaki ukondla i-forage. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi izinkomo zinokudla okwanele kokudla futhi zinikeze amanzi anele okuphuza.

(3) Indlela Yokuzalela Ukufaka esikhundleni

Le ndlela ilungele izinkomo ezinokukhiqizwa kobisi okuphakathi. Ukuze wenze lolu hlobo lwezinkomo Faka i-purek lactation kahle futhi wandise ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukwamukela le ndlela. Indlela yokudla okubuyisekayo ukushintsha isilinganiso sokuphakelwa okuhlukahlukene ekudleni, futhi usebenzise indlela yokukhula nokunciphisa inani lokudla kwezifiso zobisi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise ukwenziwa kwezinga lobisi, nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomo zobisi. Ivolumu yobisi. Indlela ethile ukushintsha ukwakheka kwesabelo njalo ngesonto elilodwa, ikakhulukazi ukulungisa isilinganiso sokugxila nokudla okudlalwayo, kepha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lezakhamdlatho lezabelo lihlala lingashintshiwe. Ngokushintsha kaninginingi izinhlobo zokudla ngale ndlela, hhayi kuphela izinkomo zigcina isifiso esiqinile, kodwa futhi nezinkomo zingathola izakhamzimba eziphelele, ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisekise impilo yezinkomo kanye nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi.

Kuhle ukukuqaphela lokho ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, okwandisa inani lokudla okugxilwe ekuqinisekiseni ukukhiqizwa kobisi endaweni ephakeme ye-lactation kulula ukudala i-acivance yomzimba yenkomo, futhi kulula ukudala i-Stomach acid bese ushintsha ukwakheka kwesisu ngokweqile futhi kushintshe ukwakheka kobisi. Kungadala ezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, amanoni ama-rumen angangezwa ekudleni kwezindlela zobisi ezivutha kakhulu zobisi ukukhulisa izinga lokudla okudla okudla. Lokhu kuyasiza ekukhuliseni ukukhiqizwa kobisi, kuqinisekise ikhwalithi yobisi, ukukhuthaza i-PostPartum estrus futhi kwandise izinga lokuqamba lezinkomo zobisi. Usizo, kepha lalela ukulawula umthamo, futhi uwugcine ngo-3% kuye ku-5%.

3. Ukuphathwa ngesikhathi sokuhlangana kwe-Peak

Izinkomo zobisi zifaka inani eliphakeme le-lactation ezinsukwini ezingama-21 ngemuva kokubeletha, okuvame ukuhlala amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-4. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuqala ukwehla. Ubukhulu bokwehla kufanele balawulwe. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukubona i-lactation yenkomo yobisi futhi ihlaziye izizathu. Ngaphezu kokudla okufanele, ukuphathwa kwesayensi kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwansuku zonke kwemvelo, izinkomo zobisi kufanele zigxile ekunakekelweni kwabahlengikazi kwezindebe zabo ngesikhathi sokuqothuka kwe-lactation ukuvikela izinkomo ezivela ku-mastitis. Naka ezenzweni ezijwayelekile zokwebisi, unqume inombolo nesikhathi sokusenga nsuku zonke, gwema ukusela okunolaka, nokuhlikihla nokushisa amabele. Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kwezinkomo kuphakeme ngesikhathi esiphakeme se-lactation. Lesi sigaba singenza kahle ukwanda imvamisa yokusenga ukukhulula ngokuphelele ingcindezi ezifundweni kubaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-lactation. Kuyadingeka ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuqapha i-mastitis ezinkomeni zobisi, futhi ngokushesha welapha lesi sifo uma sesitholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinkomo. Uma inani lokuzivocavoca linganele, ngeke lithinte ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuphela, kodwa futhi lithinte impilo yezinkomo, futhi libuye libe nomthelela omubi ku-fecundity. Ngakho-ke, izinkomo kufanele zilondoloze inani elifanelekile lokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke. Amanzi okuphuza anele ngesikhathi sokuqokwa kwe-peak ye-cactation yezinkomo zobisi futhi ebaluleke kakhulu. Kulesi sigaba, izinkomo zobisi zinesidingo esikhulu samanzi, futhi kufanele zinikezwe amanzi anele okuphuza amanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusenga ngakunye, izinkomo kufanele ziphuze amanzi ngokushesha.