Izindlela eziningana zokuphakela nokuphatha izinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa

Isikhathi esiphezulu sokuncelisa izinkomo zobisi yisigaba esibalulekile sokuzalanisa izinkomo zobisi.Ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngalesi sikhathi kuphezulu, kubalela ngaphezu kwama-40% wesamba sokukhiqizwa kobisi phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokumunyisa, futhi umzimba wezinkomo zobisi kulesi sigaba ushintshile.Uma ukuphakelwa nokuphatha kungafanele, Izinkomo ngeke zigcine ngokuhluleka ukufinyelela esiqongweni sokukhiqiza ubisi, isikhathi sokukhiqiza ubisi esiphezulu sithatha isikhathi esifushane, kodwa sizophinde sibe nomthelela empilweni yezinkomo.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukuphakelwa nokuphathwa kwezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ukuze ukuncelisa kwezinkomo zobisi kusetshenziswe ngokugcwele, futhi ubude besikhathi sokukhiqiza ubisi oluphakeme luzonwetshwa ngangokunokwenzeka. , ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kobisi nokuqinisekisa impilo yezinkomo zobisi.

Isikhathi esiphezulu sokumunyisa izinkomo zobisi ngokuvamile sibhekisela esikhathini esiyizinsuku ezingama-21 kuya kweziyi-100 ngemva kokubeletha.Izimpawu zezinkomo zobisi kulesi sigaba yisifiso esihle sokudla, isidingo esikhulu somsoco, ukudla okukhulu kokudla, kanye nokuncelisa okuphezulu.Ukungatholakali kokudla okwanele kuzophazamisa umsebenzi wokumunyisa wezinkomo zobisi.Isikhathi esiphezulu sokumunyisa yisikhathi esibalulekile sokuzalanisa izinkomo zobisi.Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kulesi sigaba kubala ngaphezu kwama-40% okukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sonke sokuncelisa, okuhlobene nokukhiqizwa kobisi phakathi nesikhathi sonke sokuncelisa futhi kuhlobene nempilo yezinkomo.Ukuqinisa ukuphakelwa kanye nokuphatha izinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kuyisihluthulelo sokuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu sezinkomo zobisi.Ngakho-ke, ukudla okunomsoco kanye nokuphatha kufanele kuqiniswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ngokugcwele ukuncelisa kwezinkomo zobisi, futhi kwandiswe isikhathi sokuncelisa okukhulu ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe impilo yezinkomo zobisi..

1. Izici zezinguquko zomzimba ngesikhathi sokuncelisa

Umzimba wezinkomo zobisi uzobhekana nochungechunge lwezinguquko ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuzokwanda kakhulu, futhi umzimba uzoba nezinguquko ezinkulu.Ngemva kokubeletha, umzimba namandla angokomzimba kusetshenziswa kakhulu.Uma kuyinkomo esebenza isikhathi eside, ukusebenza kwayo kuzoba nzima kakhulu.Ngokuhambisana ne-postpartum lactation, i-calcium yegazi enkomeni izogeleza iphume emzimbeni nobisi ngenani elikhulu, ngaleyo ndlela Umsebenzi wokugaya izinkomo zobisi uyancipha, futhi ezimeni ezinzima, kungase futhi kuholele ekukhubazekeni kwangemva kokubeletha kwezinkomo zobisi. .Kulesi sigaba, ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo zobisi kusezingeni eliphezulu.Ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kobisi kuzoholela ekwandeni kwesidingo sezinkomo zobisi somsoco, futhi ukudla okunomsoco akukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudla okunomsoco wezinkomo zobisi ukuze zikhiqize ubisi oluphezulu.Izosebenzisa amandla angokwenyama ukukhiqiza ubisi, okuzokwenza ukuthi isisindo sezinkomo zobisi siqale ukwehla.Uma umsoco wenkomo yobisi wesikhathi eside unganele, izinkomo zobisi zilahlekelwa isisindo esiningi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa, okuzoveza imiphumela engathandeki kakhulu.Ukusebenza kokuzala kanye nokusebenza kokuncelisa esikhathini esizayo kuzoba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuphakelwa kwesayensi okuhlosiwe kanye nokuphatha ngokuhambisana nezici ezishintshayo zemizimba yezinkomo zobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi zidla izakhamzimba ezanele futhi zilulame ukuqina kwazo ngokomzimba ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

2. Ukondla ngesikhathi sokuncelisa

Ezinkomeni zobisi ezingeni eliphakeme lokuncelisa, kuyadingeka ukukhetha indlela efanele yokudla ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela.Izindlela ezintathu zokuphakela ezilandelayo zingakhethwa.

(1) Indlela yenzuzo yesikhashana

Le ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu izinkomo ngokukhiqizwa kobisi okusesilinganisweni.Ukwandisa ukunikezwa kokudla okunomsoco ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kwenkomo yobisi, ukuze inkomo yobisi ikwazi ukuthola umsoco owanele ukuqinisa ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwenkomo yobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.Ngokuvamile, iqala ezinsukwini ezingu-20 ngemva kokuzalwa kwenkomo.Ngemva kokuba ukudla kwenkomo nokudla kubuyele kokujwayelekile, ngesisekelo sokugcina ukudla kwasekuqaleni, inani elifanele lokugxilisa ingqondo eliphakathi kuka-1 kuya ku-2 kg liyengezwa ukuze lisebenze "njengokudla okuthuthukisiwe" ukuze kwandiswe ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokukhuphuka kobisi. ukuncelisa inkomo yobisi.Uma kunokwanda okuqhubekayo kokukhiqizwa kobisi ngemva kokukhulisa ukugxilisa ingqondo, udinga ukuqhubeka ukukwandisa ngemva kwesonto eli-1 lokudla, futhi wenze umsebenzi omuhle wokubheka ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo, kuze kube yilapho ubisi lwezinkomo lungasakhiqizi. liyakhuphuka, yeka Ukugxila okwengeziwe.

(2) Indlela yokuzalanisa eqondiswayo

Ilungele kakhulu izinkomo zobisi ezikhiqiza kakhulu.Kusetjentiswa kwalendlela etinkhomeni tebisi letiphuma emkhatsini kuya kwephansi kungabangela kalula kutsi sindvo setinkhomo telubisi senyuke, kepha asilungi etinkhomoni tebisi.Le ndlela isebenzisa ukudla okune-energy ephezulu, okunamaprotheni amaningi ukondla izinkomo zobisi phakathi nesikhathi esithile, ngaleyo ndlela kwandise kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo zobisi.Ukuqaliswa kwalo mthetho kudinga ukuqala kusukela esikhathini sokuzala kwenkomo, okungukuthi, ezinsukwini ezingu-15 ngaphambi kokuba inkomo izale, kuze kufike ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngemva kokuba inkomo ifinyelele esiqongweni sokuncelisa.Lapho ukondla, ngokudla kwasekuqaleni kungashintshiwe ngesikhathi sobisi olomile, kancane kancane ukwandisa inani lokugxilisa okuphakelayo nsuku zonke kuze kube yilapho inani lokugxilisa okuphakelayo lifinyelela ku-1 kuya ku-1.5 kg we-concentrate nge-100 kg yesisindo somzimba wenkomo yobisi..Ngemva kokuba izinkomo sezizele, inani lokudla lisakhuphuka ngokuvumelana nenani lokudla kwansuku zonke lika-0.45 kg we-concentrate, kuze kube yilapho izinkomo zifinyelela isikhathi esiphezulu sokuncelisa.Ngemuva kokuthi isikhathi sokuncelisa sesiphelile, kuyadingeka ukulungisa inani lokudla lokugxilile ngokuya ngokudla kwenkomo, isisindo somzimba, nokukhiqizwa kobisi, futhi kancane kancane kuguqukele ezingeni elijwayelekile lokudla.Uma usebenzisa indlela yokudla okuqondisiwe, qaphela ukuthi ungakhulisi ngokuphuphutheka inani lokudla okugxilile, futhi ungakunaki ukuphakela ifolishi.Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkomo zithola ukudla okwanele futhi zinikeze amanzi okuphuza anele.

(3) Indlela yokuzalanisa esikhundleni

Le ndlela ilungele izinkomo ezikhiqiza ubisi olujwayelekile.Ukuze wenze lolu hlobo lwezinkomo lungene ekunceliseni okuphezulu ngokushelela futhi lwandise ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa okuphezulu, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa le ndlela.Indlela yokuphakela esikhundleni iwukushintsha isilinganiso sokudla okuhlukahlukene ekudleni, nokusebenzisa indlela yokwandisa ngokushintshana kanye nokunciphisa inani lokuphakelwa okugxilile ukuze kuvuse umdlandla wezinkomo zobisi, ngaleyo ndlela kwandiswe ukudla kwezinkomo zobisi, kwandise ukudla. izinga lokuguqulwa kokudla, nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezinkomo zobisi.Umthamo wobisi.Indlela eqondile iwukushintsha ukwakheka kwesabelomali njalo ngeviki elilodwa, ikakhulukazi ukulungisa isilinganiso sokugxilisa ingqondo nefolishi esilinganisweni, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inani eliphelele lezakhamzimba lesabelo lihlala lingashintshile.Ngokushintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe izinhlobo zokudla ngale ndlela, izinkomo azigcini nje ngokugcina isifiso esinamandla, kodwa futhi izinkomo zingathola umsoco ophelele, ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisekise impilo yezinkomo futhi zikhulise ukukhiqizwa kobisi.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu, ukwandisa inani lokudla okugxilile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhiqizwa kobisi ngesikhathi sokuncelisa kulula ukubangela ukungalingani kokudla okunomsoco emzimbeni wenkomo yobisi, futhi kulula ukubangela i-asidi yesisu ngokweqile futhi ushintshe i-acidity yesisu. ukwakheka kobisi.Kungabangela ezinye izifo.Ngakho-ke, amafutha e-rumen angengezwa ekudleni kwezinkomo zobisi ezikhiqiza kakhulu ukuze kwandiswe izinga lokudla okunomsoco.Lokhu kuwusizo ekukhuliseni ukukhiqizwa kobisi, ukuqinisekisa izinga lobisi, ukukhuthaza i-estrus yangemva kokubeletha kanye nokwandisa izinga lokumitha kwezinkomo zobisi.Siza, kodwa qaphela ukulawula umthamo, futhi uwugcine ku-3% kuya ku-5%.

3. Ukuphatha ngesikhathi sokuncelisa

Izinkomo zobisi zingena esicongweni sokumunyisa ezinsukwini ezingama-21 ngemuva kokubeletha, okuvame ukuhlala amasonto amathathu kuya kwamane.Ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuqala ukwehla.Izinga lokwehla kufanele lilawulwe.Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukugcina i-lactation yenkomo yobisi futhi uhlaziye izizathu.Ngaphezu kokuphakela ngendlela efanele, ukuphathwa kwesayensi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.Ngaphezu kokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwemvelo kwansuku zonke, izinkomo zobisi kufanele zigxile ekunakekeleni amabele azo ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ukuze kuvinjelwe izinkomo ekuphathweni kwe-mastitis.Naka izenzo ezijwayelekile zokusenga, nquma inani kanye nesikhathi sokusenga usuku ngalunye, gwema ukusenga okunodlame, futhi uhlikihle futhi ushise amabele.Ukukhiqizwa kobisi lwezinkomo kuphezulu ngesikhathi sokuncelisa.Lesi sigaba singaba esifanelekile Ukwandisa imvamisa yokusenga ukuze ukhulule ngokugcwele ukucindezela emabeleni kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhuthazeni ukuncelisa.Kudingekile ukwenza umsebenzi omuhle wokuqapha isifo sokuvuvuka kwebele ezinkomeni zobisi, futhi welaphe ngokushesha lesi sifo uma sesitholakele.Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyadingeka ukuqinisa ukuzivocavoca kwezinkomo.Uma inani lokuzivocavoca linganele, ngeke lithinte ukukhiqizwa kobisi kuphela, kodwa futhi lithinte impilo yezinkomo, futhi libe nomthelela omubi ku-fecundity.Ngakho-ke, izinkomo kufanele zigcine isilinganiso esifanele sokuzivocavoca nsuku zonke.Amanzi okuphuza anele ngesikhathi sokuncelisa izinkomo zobisi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu.Kulesi sigaba, izinkomo zobisi zinesidingo esikhulu samanzi, futhi kufanele kunikezwe amanzi okuphuza anele, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokusenga ngakunye, izinkomo kufanele ziphuze amanzi ngokushesha.